Neurologic-disorders

Triggers, Facilitators, and Aggravators: Redefining Parkinson’s disease Pathogenesis
Take Home Messages: Authors propose a new conceptual model for PD pathogenesis, in which disease-associated factors are divided into three categories: triggers, facilitators, and aggravators. Triggers are agents or events that begin the disease process; these factors are necessary but insufficient for PD to develop. Facilitators ar...
Concurrent sodium valproate-magnesium therapy in the prevention of migraine headaches
Migraine as a primary headache disorder with substantial pain is included in the 20 most disabling diseases according to the World Health Organization.Lifestyle management, acute treatment, and preventive treatment are three approaches to treat migraine. Prophylactic therapy for migraine is recommended in patients with four or more attacks per...
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)- A common neurological condition
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a condition characterized by discomfort at rest and urge to move focused on the legs. RLS may occur as an idiopathic, often hereditary condition (primary RLS), or in association with medical conditions (secondary RLS) including iron deficiency, uremia, and polyneuropathy. Current understanding of the pathophysio...
Antiseizure Medication Withdrawal in Seizure-Free Patients: AAN Practice Advisory Update
TAKE-HOME MESSAGE A systematic review of the literature published between January 1991 and March 2020 was used to update the 1996 American Academy of Neurology practice parameter that provided considerations for discontinuing antiseizure medications in affected patients.   The authors of this update developed 14 reco...
Oral and Topical Treatment of Painful Diabetic Polyneuropathy: AAN Guideline Update
Diabetes, a silent killer, is a leading cause of neuropathy. Around 50% of diabetic patients develop peripheral neuropathy in 25 years. Painful diabetic neuropathy manifests as burning, excruciating, stabbing or intractable type of pain or presents with tingling or numbness. The pathophysiology of this condition is due to primarily metabolic a...
Diagnostic assessment of the child with status epilepticus (an evidence-based review)
This is a summary of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) and Child Neurology Society (CNS) evidence-based guideline reviewing all available evidence on the assessment of the child with status epilepticus (SE). Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical condition characterized by repeated epileptic seizures without complete recovery between seizu...
Management of an unprovoked first seizure in adults (Evidence-based guideline)
This is a summary of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) and American Epilepsy Society (AES).For an adult with a first seizure, the risk of a recurrence poses major concerns and raises the question of whether immediate Anti-epileptic Drug (AED) treatment is advisable.Risk of Seizure RecurrenceQ1: For the adult who presents with an unprovoked...
A ‘Pacemaker for the Brain’: Successfully treated for severe depression
Woman successfully treated for depression with electrical brain implant.Deep brain stimulation is a promising treatment for neuropsychiatric conditions such as major depression. It could be optimized by identifying neural biomarkers that trigger therapy selectively when symptom severity is elevated. An electrical implant that sits in the skull...
Diagnosis & Treatment of Restless legs syndrome (RLS)
What is restless legs syndrome?Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also called Willis-Ekbom Disease is a common neurological condition, causes unpleasant or uncomfortable sensations in the legs and an irresistible urge to move them.  RLS is classified as a sleep disorder since the symptoms are triggered by resting and attempting to sleep, a...