Gonadal-hormones-sex-hormones-and-their-antagonists

Puberty menorrhagia is  defined as excessive  bleeding in amount  (>80ml)  or  in  duration  (>7days)  between menarche  and  19  years  of  age.The most common cause of puberty menorrhagia is anovulatory cycles. Other causes include infection, bleeding disorders, and endoc...
Social Science Research Network (SSRN) Elsevier Journal: Published on April, 2023Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is defined as bleeding from the uterine corpus that is abnormal in regularity, volume, frequency, or duration and occurs in the absence of pregnancy. Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB) is defined as abnormal uterine...
Published on PubMed: October, 2022Endometriosis is a benign chronic inflammatory disease defined as the presence of endometrium outside of the uterine cavity. The disease affects 10% of women in reproductive age; it is mainly characterized by dysmenorrhea and infertility, affecting the quality of lifeDysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, dyschezi...
Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology: Published on July, 2022Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is defined as any type of uterine bleeding in which the amount, duration, or frequency is excessive for the patient, and is not attributed to any detectable systemic or uterine pathology, or pregnancy. The signs of AUB includ...
PubMed Central: Published on January, 2021Subchorionic hematoma (SCH) refers to a collection of blood between the chorionic membrane and the uterine wall as caused by the separation of the chorion from the endometrium. It is the most common sonographic abnormality in pregnant women with symptoms of threatened miscarriage and the most common cau...
AHA Journal: Stroke: A Journal of Cerebral Circulation: Published on June, 2022Millions of women worldwide use exogenous hormones as oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy. Still, time-dependent and long-term consequences of exogenous hormones on stroke risk remains unclear.TAKE-HOME MESSAGEIn this UK Biobank analysis including 257,...
The majority (70-93%) of adolescents have discomfort associated with menstruation. Dysmenorrhea is the most common reason for missed school and activities. Up to 20-40% report missed school due to dysmenorrhea, and 40% report a negative effect on school performance and concentration. Adolescents with severe dysmenorrhea have impaired qualit...
Endometriosis affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age, and the main goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms. Progestins have been the mainstay of endometriosis suppression, of which dienogest has become an important option in many parts of the world.   A search of PubMed was conducted for papers published between 2007–2019 o...
Endometriosis is a benign chronic inflammatory estrogen-dependent disease and a well-known cause of infertility. Endometriosis may have a direct harmful effect on fertility not only due to the presence of adhesions and anatomic distortions, but also because of the intrinsic negative impact on oocyte development, embryogenesis, or implantat...
Annals of Internal Medicine: TAKE-HOME MESSAGE In this UK Biobank study, the authors sought to evaluate the correlation between serum testosterone levels and cardiac events, finding no association between total testosterone and risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Men with lower total testosterone concentrations wer...