Dyspepsia is defined as having one or more symptoms of epigastric pain, burning, postprandial fullness, or early satiation. Bloating and nausea often coexist with dyspepsia but are nonspecific and are thus not included in its definition. Heartburn is also excluded from diagnostic symptom criteria for dyspepsia since it is thought to primarily...

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is very common during pregnancy; approximately 45%-80% of pregnant women have experienced GERD.  GERD can have a negative impact on quality of life, particularly late in pregnancy.  The elevated progesterone hormone levels of pregnancy probably cause reflux by lowering the pressure in the lower esophag...

Current recommendations from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) UK and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) state that, all pregnant women should be offered the COVID-19 vaccine at the same time as the rest of the population, based on their age and clinical risk group.Vaccination is the best way t...

This Practice Advisory was developed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Immunization, Infectious Disease, and Public Health Preparedness Expert Work Group.The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends that pregnant individuals should have access to COVID-19 vaccines. While limited, cu...